Volatile oils exert strong antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Resin acids promote tissue repair, enhance blood flow to wounds, and tighten damaged tissues, reducing bleeding and infection risks.
Used for gum infections (e.g., gingivitis), ulcers, wounds, abscesses, respiratory infections, sore throats, and slow-healing injuries. Incorporated into mouthwashes, salves, tinctures, and incense.
Historically burned as incense for purification, applied topically for wound healing, and used internally (in low doses) for infections and digestive complaints.
Used in tinctures, powders, infused oils, mouthwashes, and balms. Traditionally blended with frankincense for synergistic action.
Avoid internal use in pregnancy (stimulates uterine contractions). Not suitable for chronic ingestion.
May enhance effects of anticoagulants or blood-moving herbs. Monitor closely.
