Mucilage soothes and coats irritated respiratory and digestive tissues; saponins facilitate expectoration of mucus; flavonoids and iridoids reduce inflammation in mucous membranes.
Used for dry coughs, bronchitis, laryngitis, asthma, throat irritation, and mild lymphatic congestion. Often used as a key ingredient in cough syrups and lung-cleansing teas.
Historically smoked or brewed as tea for lung conditions; poulticed leaves were used externally for swelling, inflammation, and joint pain.
Tea (infusion or decoction), tincture, infused oils (especially for ear infections), and occasionally as a herbal smoke blend (carefully filtered).
None significant. Ensure properly strained infusions to prevent throat irritation from tiny hairs.
None known.
